The Impact of AI Agents on Employee Behavior and Job Redesign: A Systematic Review

The rise of AI agents — autonomous systems capable of planning and executing multi-step tasks without moment-to-moment human oversight — is one of the most transformative technological developments in organizational management in recent years. Unlike traditional automation tools or first-generation AI assistants, agentic AI systems leverage large language models (LLMs) and multimodal capabilities to reason, use digital tools, and collaborate with other agents or human employees. These characteristics have profound implications for employee behavior, job design, and the structure of organizational roles. This study conducts a systematic review that integrates existing findings across three key domains: (۱) employees' job-related and psychological behaviors, including job crafting, organizational commitment, trust, well-being, and counterproductive behaviors; (۲) job redesign based on Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristics Theory and emerging human-AI task allocation frameworks; and (۳) moderating organizational factors, including organizational culture, leadership style, and human resource management policies. Drawing on ۲۲ peer-reviewed articles published between ۲۰۱۹ and ۲۰۲۶ in reputable international journals, this review shows that the impact of AI agents on jobs is not linear or uniform but forms a continuum ranging from replacement to augmentation and the creation of new roles, depending on agent autonomy, task nature, and organizational context. The paper concludes by identifying research gaps and offering directions for future research.

کلیدواژه ها:

AI Agents ، Agentic AI ، Organizational Behavior ، Job Crafting ، Job Redesign ، Job Characteristics Theory ، Future of Work