A Comprehensive Review of Sustainable Water Management Strategies

This article provides a comprehensive review of sustainable water management strategies. The water crisis, caused by factors such as population growth, climate change, and inefficient management, is a global and multifaceted challenge. To address this crisis, three key strategies are proposed as global solutions: technological innovations (including wastewater recycling, water desalination, and smart management), management optimization (reducing consumption in the agricultural and urban sectors), and effective governance (transparent policymaking and integrated water resources management). Developed countries such as Singapore and the UAE have succeeded in providing sustainable water by focusing on these principles and utilizing advanced technologies. In Iran, the water crisis is the result of a combination of natural factors (arid climate and reduced rainfall) and human factors (inefficient management, excessive dam construction, and excessive consumption in the agricultural sector). To overcome this situation, a comprehensive strategy is proposed based on three main axes: demand management (improving crop and irrigation patterns), production of new resources (desalination of seawater and wastewater recycling), and integrated management (institutional coordination and protection of groundwater resources). Ultimately, the future of water in Iran requires investment in technology and managerial and cultural reforms.

کلیدواژه ها:

Water management strategy ، sustainable water management ، water crisis ، technological innovations ، water efficiency