Design Principles for Urban Therapeutic Environments Based on Working Memory and Executive Function Enhancement to Reduce Depression

Objective: This research aims to formulate design principles for urban therapeutic environments based on the enhancement of working memory and executive brain functions to reduce depression. Methods: Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study conducts a systematic review of theoretical foundations and prior research in environmental psychology, neuropsychology, and urban design. Data were gathered through the examination of credible scientific sources and the analysis of successful global case studies. Findings: The findings indicate that intelligently designed urban spaces, particularly green and public areas, can improve executive functions and alleviate depressive symptoms through various mechanisms. These include psychological pathways (e.g., attention restoration), physiological pathways (e.g., stress reduction), cognitive pathways (e.g., mild stimulation and working memory enhancement), and social pathways (e.g., fostering interaction and reducing isolation). A three-layer conceptual model (encompassing Spatial-Sensory Design, Cognitive-Social Interventions, and Monitoring & Evaluation) is proposed. Furthermore, a comprehensive set of strategic guidelines, detailed policies, and executive codes (comprising ۷ macro strategies and ۲۱ specific policies) are presented to operationalize this objective. Conclusion: Urban therapeutic environments designed to strengthen cognitive functions can serve as an effective, non-pharmacological community-level intervention for preventing and reducing depression and promoting mental health. Implementing the proposed strategies requires an interdisciplinary approach and the active collaboration of urban designers, mental health professionals, and the local community.

کلیدواژه ها:

Urban Therapeutic Environment ، Working Memory ، Executive Functions ، Depression ، Green Space Design ، Mental Health