Analyzing Biophilic Design Principles and Neurobiological Effects in the Godal-baghche Pattern: A Case Study of Tabatabaei House in Kashan

Rapid urbanization has severed the human connection to nature, contributing to chronic physiological stress and neuroinflammation. In the hot-arid climate of Kashan, Iran, traditional architecture offers a profound historical precedent for restorative design. This research investigates the neurobiological impact of the Sunken Courtyard (Godal-baghche) in the Tabatabaei House, hypothesizing that its spatial configuration functions as a sophisticated "Neuro-restorative Environment." Adopting a qualitative, descriptive-analytical methodology, this study utilizes the ۱۴ Patterns of Biophilic Design framework to audit the architectural features of the house. Through deductive reasoning, specific spatial elements are mapped to established neurobiological responses. The findings demonstrate that the Sunken Courtyard intuitively manages the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) through three primary mechanisms. First, the vertical enclosure of the sunken courtyard creates a profound sense of "Refuge," physically shielding the occupant from urban sensory overload and downregulating the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Second, the recursive fractal geometry of the stucco ornamentation facilitates Fluent Processing, inducing a state of wakeful relaxation (Alpha wave activity). Third, the multisensory presence of water and thermal variability actively stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. The study concludes that the Tabatabaei House transcends climatic adaptation, operating as an external regulator of human biology. These vernacular strategies offer a critical blueprint for contemporary architects to design high-density urban environments that mitigate stress and foster long-term neurological health.

کلیدواژه ها:

Neuroarchitecture ، Biophilic Design ، Godal-baghche ، Tabatabaei House ، Neurobiological Response ، Fractal Geometry