The Impact of ChatGPT as an AI-Based Scaffolding Tool on Iranian EFL Learners' Grammar Development: An Experimental Study

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced new possibilities for instructional scaffolding in second and foreign language education. Among these technologies, ChatGPT has emerged as a powerful AI-driven conversational tool capable of providing adaptive, individualized, and dialogic support for language learners. This study investigated the effect of ChatGPT as an AI-based scaffolding tool on the grammar development of Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners. Adopting a quasi-experimental design, ۶۰ learners were assigned to an experimental group (ChatGPT-assisted instruction) and a control group (traditional instruction). Data were collected through a standardized proficiency test, two grammar progress tests, and a post-test. Statistical analyses using independent and paired samples t-tests revealed that learners who received AI-mediated scaffolding through ChatGPT significantly outperformed those in the control group. The findings suggest that ChatGPT can function as an effective scaffolding mechanism by providing immediate feedback, contextualized explanations, and learner-controlled practice opportunities. Pedagogical implications for AI-assisted language instruction and directions for future research are discussed.

کلیدواژه ها:

ChatGPT ، artificial intelligence ، instructional scaffolding ، grammar learning ، EFL learners