The role of artificial intelligence in modern manufacturing: mechanical engineering perspective

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming modern manufacturing by enabling real-time data analysis, predictive maintenance, intelligent automation, and optimized design and resource utilization. From a mechanical engineering perspective, AI represents a major shift from traditional physics-based approaches toward data-driven and autonomous systems that enhance the design, operation, and maintenance of mechanical equipment. This paper reviews the role of AI in manufacturing with a focus on key mechanical engineering applications and its contribution to smart production systems. Major areas discussed include AI-assisted machine and process design, predictive analytics, robotics, quality control, and production optimization. AI-based digital twins enable real-time monitoring and predictive simulation of mechanical systems, while generative design algorithms create innovative and high-performance geometries. In manufacturing operations, predictive maintenance utilizes sensor data to forecast component failures, such as those in bearings and gears, thereby reducing downtime and associated costs. Computer vision improves quality inspection by detecting fine defects, and AI-powered robotics supports adaptive and collaborative automation. The paper also highlights AI’s impact on production scheduling, process control, and energy management, leading to higher efficiency and sustainability. Emerging applications such as AI-driven materials discovery and additive manufacturing optimization are briefly addressed. Despite these benefits, challenges remain, including data availability and quality, model explainability, workforce skill gaps, and cybersecurity concerns. Overall, the integration of AI with mechanical engineering is driving the transition toward autonomous, resilient, and human-centered manufacturing systems aligned with Industry ۴.۰ and Industry ۵.۰ concepts

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial Intelligence ، Industry ۴.۰ and ۵.۰ Mechanical Engineering ، Predictive Maintenance Manufacturing ، Digital Twin ، Generative Design ، Machine Vision