Multi-Strain Probiotics and Synbiotics for the Control of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is one of the most severe bacterial diseases affecting global aquaculture of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The disease is primarily associated with specific strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying the PirA and PirB toxin genes, and can result in mortality rates approaching ۱۰۰% in affected farms. The increasing concern over antibiotic resistance and environmental impacts of antimicrobial misuse has driven interest in probiotics as a sustainable alternative strategy. Recent studies have indicated that multi-strain probiotics and synbiotics may provide superior protective effects compared with single-strain formulations in controlling AHPND. This review compiles and critically analyzes published research on the efficacy of multi-strain probiotics and synbiotics in reducing AHPND incidence and severity in L. vannamei. The findings suggest that microbial consortia and synbiotic formulations may enhance disease resistance through improved gut microbiota balance, pathogen inhibition, and immune modulation in shrimp. Overall, multi-strain probiotic and synbiotic strategies represent promising sustainable approaches for the management of AHPND in shrimp aquaculture systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

AHPND ، Multi-strain probiotics ، Synbiotics ، Litopenaeus vannamei ، Vibrio parahaemolyticus ، shrimp aquaculture.