Laser Welding and Laser Processing Technology In material engineering

Laser welding's precision and efficiency are well-established, yet predictive theoretical models often fail due to the decoupled treatment of its multi-physics nature. This paper develops an integrative theoretical framework that synthesizes heat transfer, molten pool fluid dynamics, and rapid solidification kinetics into a unified model. We propose a coupled system of equations governing energy deposition, Marangoni-driven flow, and phase transformation, introducing a dimensionless "Process Fidelity Number" (PFN) to characterize regime transitions. The model reveals how the interplay between laser parameters (power, speed, spot size) and material properties dictates key outcomes: weld geometry, susceptibility to defects like porosity and cracking, and final microstructure. The primary theoretical contribution is a holistic model that captures the non-linear feedback between thermal gradients, fluid flow, and solidification morphology. This framework provides a robust foundation for a priori process optimization, bridging a critical gap between isolated physical models and the complex reality of laser welding, with significant implications for advanced manufacturing in aerospace and automotive sectors.

کلیدواژه ها:

material processing ، laser welding ، material