Analysis of Key Indicators of Metro-Bus-Micromobility Integration in Tehran: An Expert-Based Exploratory Study

Multimodal transport integration plays a central role in improving urban mobility efficiency, sustainability, and user experience in metropolitan areas. Despite substantial investments in metro and bus systems in Tehran, limited integration with micro-mobility modes has resulted in fragmented travel chains and reduced system performance. This study investigates the key indicators affecting the integration of metro, bus, and micro-mobility systems in Tehran through an expert-based exploratory approach. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods methodology was adopted. In the qualitative phase, integration indicators were identified through a systematic review of recent literature and semi-structured interviews with transport experts, analyzed using thematic analysis in MAXQDA. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-designed questionnaire was administered to ۳۹ transport professionals to validate the identified indicators. The findings demonstrate that physical accessibility, operational coordination, real-time travel information, micro-mobility connectivity, and institutional integration are critical to effective multimodal transport integration. The proposed framework offers practical guidance for policy-makers and urban transport authorities seeking to enhance integrated mobility systems in large cities.

کلیدواژه ها:

Multimodal Transport Integration ، Urban Public Transport ، Micro-mobility