Assessment of the Long-Term Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercises on Changes in Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Biomarkers in Patients with Chronic Diseases and Sedentary Conditions: A Metabolomics and Biomarker-Based Study

The global prevalence of chronic diseases, often linked to oxidative stress and microvascular dysfunction, is increasing. Physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise (AEG) and anaerobic exercise (AERG), shows promise in mitigating these processes, yet comparing their specific effects in sedentary individuals with chronic diseases requires further investigation. This study aimed to compare the ۱۲-week impact of AEG versus AERG on oxidative stress markers (MDA, ۸-OHdG, SOD, GPx), microvascular function biomarkers (Cys-GSSG, GSH), and inflammatory/metabolic profiles (CRP, IL-۶, TNF-α) in this population. A randomized controlled trial involving ۶۰ sedentary participants with chronic diseases was conducted, assigning them to AEG (n=۳۰), AERG (n=۳۰), or a sedentary control group (SCG, n=۳۰). Active groups underwent supervised training sessions for ۱۲ weeks. Blood samples for biomarker analysis and metabolomic profiling were collected pre- and post-intervention. Both exercise groups significantly reduced MDA, ۸-OHdG, CRP, IL-۶, and TNF-α compared to baseline and the SCG. The AEG group demonstrated a greater reduction in MDA and better improvement in Cys-GSSG levels. Conversely, the AERG group showed a greater increase in GPx activity. Metabolomic analysis revealed positive shifts in unsaturated fatty acids and improved lipid profiles in both active groups. The SCG remained unchanged. Conclusion: Both aerobic and anaerobic exercise effectively improve oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and positively modulate metabolic profiles in sedentary individuals with chronic diseases. However, the exercise modality may influence specific mechanisms of action and subsequent health outcomes, suggesting modality choice depends on specific therapeutic goals.

کلیدواژه ها:

Aerobic exercise ، Anaerobic exercise ، Oxidative stress ، Microvascular function ، Metabolomics