A Comprehensive Review of Novel Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technologies in the Oil Industry: From Process Fundamentals to Geological Applications and Field Implementation Challenges

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has emerged as a critical technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in the oil and gas industry, addressing the dual challenge of meeting energy demands while achieving global climate targets. The present study provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in CCS, focusing on the integration of capture technologies, geological storage strategies, economic feasibility, and operational challenges. The primary objective is to synthesize current knowledge, identify key barriers to deployment, and propose directions for enhancing the technical and economic viability of CCS in petroleum operations. Methodologically, the study employs a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed research, technical reports, and case studies, emphasizing both upstream and downstream applications, as well as comparative analyses across regions and industrial settings. The findings reveal that post-combustion capture remains the most widely implemented technique due to its adaptability to existing infrastructure, while emerging technologies such as solid sorbents, metal–organic frameworks, and hybrid systems offer substantial potential for improved efficiency and reduced energy requirements. Geological storage in depleted reservoirs and saline aquifers demonstrates high capacity and long-term containment potential, with CO₂-EOR providing both environmental benefits and economic incentives. Economic analyses indicate that while capture and storage costs remain significant, integrated business models, shared infrastructure, and supportive policy frameworks can enhance financial feasibility. Operational challenges, including leakage risks, monitoring complexity, and energy-intensive processes, can be mitigated through advanced engineering, real-time monitoring, and robust reservoir management strategies. The review underscores that successful CCS deployment requires an integrated approach combining technological innovation, economic planning, and regulatory support. In conclusion, CCS represents a viable and increasingly essential component of decarbonization strategies in the oil and gas sector, capable of reducing carbon emissions while maintaining energy production, and its wider adoption will depend on continued research, collaborative implementation, and alignment with climate policy objectives.

کلیدواژه ها:

Carbon Capture and Storage ، Oil and Gas Industry ، CO₂ Sequestration ، Technological Innovation ، Decarbonization