Empirically Derived Prepregnancy Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), diabetes first recognized during pregnancy, is associated with complications for mothers and their offspring. This study aimed to identify empirically-derived dietary patterns in pregnant women and their associations with GDM. Methods: A total of ۲۷۴ pregnant women (۱۳۸ women with GDM and ۱۳۶ controls) participated in this case-control study. Anthropometric measurements were performed for all the participants. The participants dietary intake data   was  collected via a valid food frequency questionnaire. The major dietary patterns were obtained via principal component analysis (PCA) based on participants’ actual food consumption data. The participants were divided into tertiles based on  their adherence to each dietary pattern and the associations between dietary patterns and GDM were investigated via multivariate logistic regression. Results:  The findings revealed three major dietary patterns. Adherence to the “traditional pattern” was associated with an increased risk of GDM. This association remained significant after adjusting for all confounding factors (highest vs. lowest tertile: OR=۳.۴۴, ۹۵% CI=۱.۵۴-۷.۶۹, P-trend=۰.۰۰۱). Similarly, women in the third tertile of the “western pattern” had an elevated risk of GDM compared with those in the first tertile (third vs. first tertile: OR=۱.۹۶, ۹۵% CI=۱.۰۲-۳.۸۰, P-trend=۰.۰۱۱). In contrast, participants who adhered to a healthy pattern had a negative association with GDM risk (after adjustment P-trend<۰.۰۰۱). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that dietary patterns of empirically-derived prepregnancy significantly influence the risk of GDM. These findings underscore the importance of targeted nutritional counseling and interventions before pregnancy to mitigate GDM risk and promote maternal and fetal health.

کلیدواژه ها:

Pregnancy ، Dietary patterns ، Gestational diabetes ، Food frequency questionnaire.