Aging and Public Health: From Molecular Changes to Physiological Challenges

This review examines the aging process from molecular, cellular, and physiological perspectives. Aging is characterized by a gradual decline in cellular and systemic functions due to disruptions in molecular mechanisms such as DNA damage, telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These disturbances lead to structural and functional alterations in vital organs, including the heart, arteries, kidneys, and brain, which in turn elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, cognitive disorders, and other age-related conditions. Furthermore, improvements in nutrition, lifestyle, and exercise have been shown to mitigate the negative effects of aging, suggesting promising strategies for enhancing quality of life in older populations.This review examines the aging process from molecular, cellular, and physiological perspectives. Aging is characterized by a gradual decline in cellular and systemic functions due to disruptions in molecular mechanisms such as DNA damage, telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These disturbances lead to structural and functional alterations in vital organs, including the heart, arteries, kidneys, and brain, which in turn elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, cognitive disorders, and other age-related conditions. Furthermore, improvements in nutrition, lifestyle, and exercise have been shown to mitigate the negative effects of aging, suggesting promising strategies for enhancing quality of life in older populations.

کلیدواژه ها:

again ، gut microbiome ، cognitive decline ، aerobic training ، sarcopenia