A long-term accuracy assessment of ERA۵-Land soil temperature for coastal regions of Iran

Soil temperature is critical factor influencing plant growth, microbial activity, and soil chemical processes. Therefore, reliable estimation of this parameter is essential to minimize errors in agricultural, environmental, and climate studies. Conventional sources of estimating soil temperature include in-situ experiments, ground-based stations, satellite-derived products, and multi-source datasets. This study aims to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the ERA۵-Land dataset in providing soil temperature data across four different soil depths in Iran. Hourly data from ۲۰۰۱ to ۲۰۲۴ were extracted from four bands of the ERA۵-Land dataset, corresponding to the geographical coordinates of the states' synoptic stations. The accuracy of the ERA۵-Land soil data was assessed across the coastal regions of Iran. In addition to person correlation coefficient (r), statistical error metrics, including Mean Absolute Value (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Percent bias (PBIAS), were used to compare ERA۵-Land data with ground-based observations from synoptic stations. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the reliability of ERA۵-Land for soil temperature estimation in Iran. By identifying the strengths and limitations of this dataset, the study is able to guide future researchers in selecting more accurate data sources for soil-related analysis, modeling and management.

کلیدواژه ها:

Soil Temperature ، ERA۵-Land ، Coastal regions ، Satellite-based Dataset