The Transition Depth from Shallow to Deep Failure Modes of the Opening Plate Anchor

Mechanical anchors are widely used to resist uplift, lateral, and tension loads in foundation systems for structures such as buried pipes, transmission towers, wind turbines, and sheet pile walls. The opening plate anchor is a new type of mechanical anchor that increases its bearing width during pullout. There are three specific indications for recognizing the transition depth from shallow to deep behavior of horizontal plate anchors, including the anchor pullout load-displacement diagram, breakout factor-embedment ratio diagram, and PIV analysis. In this experimental study, the effects of anchors' embedment ratio (depth of embedment/anchor width) and width (۱۵۰, ۱۸۰, ۲۵۰ mm) on pullout load- displacement curves and breakout factor (N) as a dimensionless form of pullout load are studied. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used to study soil deformation around the anchor at the maximum pullout load. It was indicated that the pullout capacity and breakout factor increase with the embedment ratio. The increase in the anchor's width leads to an increase in the pullout capacity and a decrease in the breakout factor. According to all proposed indicators, as the anchor's width increases, the dimensionless form of transition depth from shallow to deep failure modes decreases.

کلیدواژه ها:

Opening Plate Anchor ، Transition depth ، Critical Embedment Ratio ، Failure Mechanism ، PIV