The Integration Of Human Expertise And Robotic Precision In Modern Surgery: An Evidence-Based Synthesis

Robotic technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) are instigating a paradigm shift in modern healthcare by augmenting human surgical skill, reducing ergonomic strain, enabling telepresence, and progressively extending the autonomy of clinical tasks. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence (۲۰۱۰–۲۰۲۵) on clinical outcomes, architectures of human-robot collaboration (HRC), levels of autonomy, shared-control paradigms, training, ergonomics, regulatory and ethical considerations, and future directions. The central thesis is how human expertise and robotic precision can be synergistically merged in safe, effective, and ethically defensible ways. Key findings indicate that: robot-assisted procedures are largely equivalent or superior to conventional approaches in terms of precision, reduced blood loss, and shorter length of stay for numerous procedures, though operative time and cost remain concerns; a clear trend exists from teleoperation toward conditional autonomy with validated task-level automation, while full autonomy remains experimental; shared-control approaches, particularly haptic-guided and corrective models, demonstrably improve performance and reduce cognitive load when properly validated; and persistent regulatory, ethical, and economic challenges necessitate coordinated clinical trials, standardized reporting, and robust outcome registries for broad adoption.

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial Intelligence ، Surgical Robotics ، Precision Surgery ، Human-Robot Collaboration ، Autonomy