Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Commercial and Nano-Encapsulated Deltamethrin and Matrine against Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

In this study, deltamethrin and matrine were encapsulated with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and Chitosan (Cs), respectively, and their toxicity were investigated against Habrabracon hebetor Say using the contact method. According to the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), spherical nanoparticles for both formulations were observed. The average hydrodynamic nanoparticle diameters for deltamethrin and matrine were ۶۵ and ۷۰.۵ nm. The LC۵۰ values were ۲۵۴.۴۸, ۳۳۴.۹۰, ۷۶۰.۳۱ and ۱,۰۲۱ mg L-۱ in PEG-encapsulated deltamethrin, commercial deltamethrin, Cs-encapsulated matrine, and commercial matrine, respectively. Exposing to the LC۳۰ of the commercial and nano-encapsulated deltamethrin significantly prolonged the total pre-adult period. Furthermore, the sublethal exposure to the PEG-based nanoformulation of deltamethrin and commercial deltamethrin resulted in significant reduction of the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) (۰.۱۵۹ and ۰.۱۶۸ d-۱, respectively). The same trend was observed for the Gross Reproductive Rate (GRR), net Reproductive rate (R۰), and finite rate of increase (λ) of the parsitoid. Our findings indicate that the negative side effects of commercial and nano-based formulations of deltamethrin on H. hebetor should be considered in IPM programs.

کلیدواژه ها:

Chitosan ، Integrated pest management ، Nano-insecticides ، parasitoid ، Polyethylene glycol