Effect of neurofeedback on anxiety, dyslexia, and dysgraphia in elementary students affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study

Background: Neurofeedback as a behavioral technique has an important role in attending to internal changes alongside strengthening and increasing the focus and attention of children in certain fields.Objectives: To investigate the effect of neurofeedback on anxiety, dyslexia, and dysgraphia in elementary students affected by Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Methods: Five elementary school students from Yazd, Iran, with ADHD were included in this pilot study. Based on their EEG patterns, brainwave training was carried out using the neurofeedback method. The participants received ۳۰ sessions of neurofeedback treatment, three times per week, for ۱۰ weeks. Before and after neurofeedback training, the participants' performance was evaluated using EEG, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) for ADHD, and the Conners' test for dyslexia and dysgraphia.Results: Neurofeedback improves dyslexia and dysgraphia, indicating significant improvement in the participants' learning performance after neurofeedback (p = ۰.۰۰۰ and p = ۰.۰۰۱, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in anxiety levels (p = ۰.۱۷۸) before and after neurofeedback.Conclusion: Neurofeedback enhances dyslexia and dysgraphia but does not have a significant impact on anxiety in elementary school students.

کلیدواژه ها:

Neurotherapy ، Neurofeedback ، Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ، dyslexia ، dysgraphia