Neurofilament Light Chains as Biological Markers in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis

Neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage, has emerged as a promising tool for predicting clinical outcomes and monitoring disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This review evaluates the role of NfL in MS, specifically its diagnostic utility, predictive value for clinical outcomes, and its ability to monitor treatment responses. We examine the differences in NfL levels across various MS subtypes (relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive), highlighting its dynamic behavior in response to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and its potential for guiding personalized treatment strategies. Furthermore, we explore how NfL levels correlate with other clinical, imaging, and laboratory markers, providing a comprehensive understanding of its role in MS management. We also discuss the value of subgroup analyses, considering factors such as age, sex, disease duration, and comorbidities, which influence NfL dynamics and interpretation. Despite its promising utility, limitations regarding NfL measurement standardization, age-related increases, and the need for larger prospective studies are acknowledged. Overall, NfL stands as a critical biomarker for advancing clinical care in MS, enabling more precise and timely interventions to improve long-term patient outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Neurofilament light chain ، Multiple sclerosis ، Disease-modifying therapies ، Biomarkers ، Clinical outcomes ، Treatment monitoring