A Narrative Review On The Role Of Nanoparticles In Female Infertility

The increased use of nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine, cosmetics, and industry has raised health concerns regarding their effects on human health, particularly reproductive health. Female infertility is a serious global health issue that has been linked to the potential harmful effects of NP exposure on female reproductive processes. This review aims to assess the current literature on how NPs affect women's reproductive health and their association with female infertility. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted for articles up to March ۲۰۲۵. The inclusion criteria were original in vivo and in vitro studies that evaluated the impact of NPs on female reproductive parameters, including ovarian function, oocyte quality, endocrine balance, and reproductive outcomes. The review considered ۶۲ studies comprising ۳۶ animal studies, ۱۴ in vitro studies, and ۱۲ epidemiological reports. The review found coherent evidence demonstrating that certain NPs, namely silver (AgNPs), titanium dioxide (TiO۲ NPs), zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), and carbon-based NPs, accumulate in reproductive tissues, cause oxidative stress, interfere with endocrine function, and inhibit folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. However, the results differed by particle size, surface coatings, dose, and exposure route. Human data was scarce and frequently inconclusive. Additional standardized long-term studies in humans are necessary to assess actual levels of exposure and effects on reproductive health.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanoparticles ، Female Infertility ، Reproductive Toxicology ، Oocyte Quality ، Oxidative Stress