Extraction and Quantification of ۱۷-β-Estradiol in Wastewater Samples via Coacervative Phase Formation with β-Cyclodextrin and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for the determination of ۱۷-β-estradiol in water samples was developed. The method is based on the extraction of the ۱۷-β-estradiol–β-cyclodextrin complex using a coacervate phase composed of reverse micelles of decanoic acid, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for quantification. The effects of key parameters, including decanoic acid concentration (۵۰–۲۰۰ mg in a ۳۰ mL total volume), tetrahydrofuran concentration (۱–۱۵% v/v), β-cyclodextrin to ۱۷-β-estradiol molar ratio (۱:۱–۱:۴), ionic strength (۰–۱ M) NaCl, pH (۱–۴), and extraction time (۰–۳۰ min), on recoveries and enrichment factors were studied and optimized. The optimal extraction conditions involved stirring a ۲۰ mL water sample containing ۵۰ mg of decanoic acid with ۳ mL of THF, using a ۱:۱ molar ratio of ۱۷-β-estradiol to β-cyclodextrin complex, for ۱۰ minutes, followed by centrifugation, ۱۰ min at ۴۰۰۰ rpm. Recoveries and enrichment factors of ۱۷-β-estradiol was primarily influenced by the decanoic acid and THF concentrations that form the coacervate phase but remained independent of the ionic strength of the sample solution. The recovery rate, enrichment factor, limit of detection, and relative standard deviation for ۱۷-β-estradiol were ۹۵%, ۲۸۴, ۰.۱۹ μg/L, and ۴.۳۴%, respectively. This method was applied to analyze ۱۷-β-estradiol in city water, mineral water, and pastewater samples. No ۱۷-β-estradiol was detected in mineral water, while its concentration in city water and pastewater was found to be ۱.۹ μg/L and ۳۳.۶۷ μg/L, respectively.

کلیدواژه ها:

۱۷-β-Estradiol ، β-Cyclodextrin ، Micellar Phase ، Coacervative Extraction ، Enrichment Factor