Initial Evaluation and Classification of Knee Dislocations

Background: Knee dislocation (KD) represents a complex injury involving the displacement of the tibia relative to the femur, often leading to damage to multiple ligamentous structures. These injuries can vary in severity, ranging from complete dislocation to spontaneously reduced instances, and may involve neurovascular complications. Accurate classification is essential for effective management and treatment planning, and various classification systems have been proposed over the years, with the Schenck classification being widely used due to its focus on anatomical injury rather than just the direction of displacement. Methods: This study encompasses a comprehensive review of the existing literature on knee dislocation from ۲۰۰۸ to ۲۰۲۱, focusing on their initial assessment and classification. A systematic approach was used to gather data from clinical cases, emphasizing the importance of a thorough patient history and physical examination. The classification systems examined included the Kennedy classification and the Schenck anatomical classification, which categorizes knee dislocations based on the extent of ligamentous injuries. The assessment process also included evaluating vascular status and related injuries, which are crucial for determining immediate treatment needs. Results: Analysis revealed that knee dislocations predominantly affect young males, with motorcycle accidents being a common mechanism of injury. In a sample of ۲۳ patients, ۲۰ were assessed and classified according to the Schenck system, showing that KD I and KD IIIM were the most common types encountered. The study also found that KDs often involve damage to both cruciate ligaments and vary in lateral ligament involvement depending on the case. Notably, vascular injuries were present in ۱۵ percent of cases, primarily associated with PCL injuries, while nerve injuries were less common but significantly impacted patient outcomes. The findings underscored the need for precise classification to guide treatment decisions and improve prognostic assessments. Conclusion: Initial assessment and classification of knee dislocations are vital for effective management and treatment planning. The Schenck classification provides a practical framework for categorizing these injuries based on ligamentous damage, facilitating communication among healthcare providers. Despite its application, further research is essential to fully validate this classification system and examine its implications for patient outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms of knee dislocation and associated injuries can enhance clinical practices and rehabilitation strategies for affected individuals.

کلیدواژه ها:

Knee Dislocation ، Classification ، Schenck Classification ، Ligament Injury ، Neurovascular Complications ، Initial Evaluation