Postoperative Rehabilitation of Anterior Glenohumeral Joint Instability Surgery: A Systematic Review

Background: Anterior glenohumeral joint instability is a common condition, particularly among young athletes involved in high-contact sports. This instability is often the result of traumatic dislocations, which, if not managed properly, can lead to significant functional impairment and recurrent dislocations. Surgical interventions, such as arthroscopic Bankart repair, are commonly performed to restore stability. However, the success of these procedures is heavily influenced by postoperative rehabilitation protocols. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate various rehabilitation strategies following surgical treatment for anterior glenohumeral instability, focusing on their effectiveness in promoting recovery and preventing recurrence. Methods: The systematic review includes studies published from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۲۳ that examined postoperative rehabilitation protocols for anterior glenohumeral joint instability. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series reporting on rehabilitation outcomes. Data extraction focused on rehabilitation techniques, timelines for recovery, functional outcomes, and rates of recurrent instability, while the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using established criteria to ensure reliability. Results: This review identified studies based on the inclusion criteria and highlighted various rehabilitation protocols, ranging from initial passive range of motion exercises to progressive strengthening programs initiated at different time intervals post-surgery. Most protocols emphasized the importance of initial immobilization followed by a gradual return to movement and strength exercises. Notably, studies indicated that patients adhering to structured rehabilitation programs experienced significant improvements in functional outcomes and lower rates of recurrent instability compared to those with less guided approaches. Additionally, the analysis showed that early motion (within the first two weeks post-surgery) combined with specific strengthening exercises around six weeks post-operation yielded favorable results in shoulder functional recovery. While complications such as stiffness and pain were reported, they were generally manageable with appropriate interventions. Conclusion: Postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for achieving successful outcomes following surgical treatment for anterior glenohumeral instability. This review underscores the need for individualized rehabilitation protocols that incorporate early mobilization and gradual strengthening to enhance recovery and minimize recurrence rates. Future research should focus on standardizing rehabilitation practices and examining the long-term effects of various rehabilitation strategies on functional outcomes.