Compensatory Role of Physical Activity in the Association Between Sleep and Cognition

Background: Sleep and physical activity are both crucial factors influencing cognitive function, particularly in aging populations. While the independent effects of sleep and physical activity on cognition have been well-documented, the potential compensatory role of physical activity in mitigating the negative cognitive impacts of poor sleep is less understood. Objectives: This review examines the current evidence on how physical activity may moderate the relationship between sleep and cognitive function. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published between ۲۰۱۰ and ۲۰۲۳. Search terms included combinations of 'sleep,' 'physical activity,' 'exercise,' 'cognition,' 'cognitive function,' and 'compensation.' Inclusion criteria were studies investigating the interactive effects of sleep and physical activity on cognitive outcomes in adult populations. The quality of included studies was assessed using standardized tools, and a narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize findings. Results: The review identified a growing body of evidence suggesting that physical activity may partially compensate for the negative cognitive effects of poor sleep. Several studies reported that individuals with higher levels of physical activity showed better cognitive performance despite suboptimal sleep duration or quality compared to less active individuals with similar sleep patterns. This compensatory effect was observed across various cognitive domains, including executive function, memory, and processing speed. The mechanisms underlying this compensatory relationship appear to involve shared neurobiological pathways, including enhanced neuroplasticity, improved cerebrovascular function, and modulation of inflammatory processes. Conclusion: Physical activity may play a compensatory role in the association between sleep and cognition, potentially mitigating some of the negative cognitive impacts of poor sleep. These findings highlight the importance of promoting both good sleep habits and regular physical activity for maintaining cognitive health, especially in aging populations. Future research should focus on determining optimal physical activity types and intensities for maximizing this compensatory effect and exploring potential synergistic interventions combining sleep improvement and exercise programs.

کلیدواژه ها:

Sleep ، physical activity ، cognition ، compensation ، aging ، executive function