Acute Ruptures of the Achilles Tendon

Background: Acute Achilles tendon ruptures are common injuries typically observed in individuals with high levels of physical activity. These injuries primarily occur during activities involving sudden acceleration or deceleration, such as sports like basketball, soccer, and tennis. The Achilles tendon connects the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the heel (calcaneus) and is crucial for various movements like running and jumping. Understanding the mechanism of injury, the demographic characteristics of patients, and potential risk factors are essential for timely diagnosis and effective management of this injury. Methods: This review synthesizes data from several studies on acute Achilles tendon ruptures. A systematic search in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using keywords like 'acute Achilles tendon rupture,' 'management,' 'surgery,' and 'rehabilitation.' Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed articles published between ۲۰۰۰ and ۲۰۲۳ focusing on demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches. The collected data were analyzed to identify patterns in injury mechanisms, surgical versus non-surgical outcomes, and rehabilitation protocols. Results: Studies indicate that acute Achilles tendon ruptures are more common in middle-aged men, particularly those engaging in recreational sports. The mechanism of injury usually involves a sudden jump or movement. Clinical symptoms typically start with a noticeable 'pop' sound at the time of injury, followed by pain and swelling in the heel area. The Thompson test, which assesses tendon integrity through calf muscle contraction, is widely used for diagnosis. Treatment protocols vary, with surgical interventions showing a lower re-rupture rate compared to non-surgical management. Recent studies emphasize that surgical techniques, such as percutaneous and open tendon repairs, lead to improved long-term functional outcomes. Rehabilitation times vary, but a comprehensive approach that includes physiotherapy plays a vital role in recovery. Conclusion: Acute Achilles tendon ruptures are significant injuries that can seriously affect an individual's mobility and quality of life. A proper understanding of the injury mechanism, rapid diagnosis, and appropriate treatment strategies are crucial for effective recovery. Both surgical and non-surgical options have their specific benefits, and the choice often depends on patient factors and the details of the injury. Continuous research and advances in techniques and rehabilitation strategies remain essential to provide optimal outcomes for affected individuals.

کلیدواژه ها:

Achilles tendon ، rupture ، acute injury ، surgical intervention ، rehabilitation ، sports medicine ، diagnosis ، treatment outcomes ، functional recovery