Kinetic Chain Abnormalities in the Athletic Shoulder

Background: Movement chain abnormalities in the shoulders of athletes have garnered significant attention due to their role in causing shoulder injuries among competitors. The movement chain refers to the interconnected system of muscles, joints, and bones that work together to create movement. In athletes, especially those participating in overhead sports like baseball, tennis, and swimming, abnormalities in the movement chain can lead to imbalances that make the shoulder prone to overuse injuries. These injuries are often the result of compensatory mechanisms stemming from deficiencies or weaknesses in the lower limbs, core, or scapular stabilizers. Understanding these abnormalities is essential for developing effective prevention and rehabilitation strategies. Methods: This study provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature from ۲۰۰۹ to ۲۰۲۰ regarding movement chain anomalies associated with shoulder injuries in athletes. The authors conducted a systematic analysis of the reviewed studies that examined the relationship between lower limb mechanics, core stability, and scapular control with shoulder performance. The emphasis was placed on identifying specific anatomical deficiencies and their role in shoulder pathology. This review also addresses various assessment techniques used to evaluate movement chain performance, including physical examinations, functional movement screenings, and strength assessments. Results: The analysis reveals that movement chain abnormalities significantly impact shoulder health in athletes. Key findings indicate that weakness or stiffness in the lower limbs and pelvic core can lead to altered shoulder mechanics during overhead activities. For instance, deficits in hip strength can result in compensatory movements in the shoulder joint, increasing stress on the rotator cuff and surrounding structures. Additionally, poor scapular stability was identified as a significant factor in the development of shoulder dysfunction. Athletes with scapular dyskinesis exhibited higher rates of injury and rotator cuff damage. This review suggests that addressing these movement chain abnormalities through targeted rehabilitation programs can enhance shoulder function and reduce injury risk. Furthermore, an integrated approach that includes strengthening exercises for the lower body and core, alongside scapular stability training, is essential for optimizing performance and preventing overuse injuries. Conclusion: Consequently, the presence of movement chain abnormalities plays a significant role in the development of shoulder injuries among athletes. This study emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to assessment and treatment that considers the entire movement chain rather than focusing solely on the shoulder. By identifying and addressing deficiencies throughout the movement chain—particularly in the lower limbs, core stability, and scapular control—practitioners can enhance athletic performance while minimizing injury risks. Future research should continue to explore these relationships to refine preventive strategies and rehabilitation protocols for overhead athletes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Athletic Shoulder ، Movement Chain Abnormalities ، Shoulder Injuries ، Athletes ، Prevention ، Rehabilitation