Achilles Tendinopathy

Background: Achilles tendinopathy is a common condition characterized by pain and dysfunction of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. This condition is often classified as an overuse injury, primarily affecting athletes and individuals engaged in repetitive activities of the lower limbs. The pathology usually arises from a combination of intrinsic factors, such as anatomical changes and age-related changes, and extrinsic factors, including training errors and improper footwear. Understanding the etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options for Achilles tendinopathy is essential for effective management and prevention of recurrence. Methods: This study reviews the existing literature on the diagnosis and treatment of Achilles tendinopathy, examining findings from clinical studies, case reports, and treatment guidelines. It evaluates various management strategies, including conservative approaches—such as rest, physical therapy, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—as well as surgical interventions for cases resistant to conservative treatment. The review also discusses the effectiveness of eccentric strengthening exercises, orthotic devices, and newer methods like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of patient demographics and clinical outcomes related to different treatment methods is included to inform best practices. Results: The review indicates that conservative management remains the first line of treatment for Achilles tendinopathy, as it is a multifaceted approach that yields positive outcomes in most patients. Initial treatment typically involves activity modification, using ice to reduce swelling, and NSAIDs for pain relief. Physical therapy focusing on eccentric strengthening exercises has shown significant efficacy, leading to improved tendon function and symptom reduction in approximately ۷۰ to ۹۰ percent of patients. For those who do not respond to conservative measures after several months, surgical options such as debridement or tendon repair may be necessary. Surgical intervention has been associated with favorable outcomes, although the success rate may vary depending on the presence of tendon lesions and the duration of symptoms prior to surgery. Conclusion: In conclusion, Achilles tendinopathy is a common yet manageable condition that can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Early diagnosis and a structured treatment approach are crucial for effective recovery. While most patients respond well to conservative measures, those with persistent symptoms may require surgical intervention. Ongoing research into innovative treatment methods and rehabilitation protocols continues to improve outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

کلیدواژه ها:

Achilles tendinopathy ، Overuse injury ، Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ، Eccentric strengthening exercises ، Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections