Effects of bio fertilizers and foliar application with nano zinc oxide and putrescine on chlorophyll fluorescence components and some physiological traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salinity stress

In order to evaluate the effects of stress modulators (vermicompost, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and foliar application of putresin and nano zinc oxide) on fluorescence chlorophyll components and some physiological traits of barley under salinity stress conditions, an experimental as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research greenhouse, faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil in ۲۰۲۲. The experimental treatments were included salinity in three levels (no salinity as control, salinity of ۴۰ and ۸۰ mM) by NaCl, bio fertilizers in four levels (no application as control, application of vermicompost ۵۰ g/kg of soil, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi ۲۰ g/m۲ of soil, both application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza), foliar application of putrescine and nano zinc oxide in four levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application ۰.۴ g.L-۱ nano zinc oxide, ۰.۸ mM putrescine, foliar application of nano zinc oxide and putrescine). The results showed that in stages of flag leaf emergence and heading under the highest salinity level, simultaneous treatment of stress modulators (vermicompost, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, putrescine and zinc oxide) increased chlorophyll index (۳۴.۸ and ۲۹.۵% respectively), nitrogen index (۲۸ and ۲۱.۶% respectively), stomatal conductivity (۵۸.۹۴ and ۷۷.۹% respectively), relative water content (۴۵.۴ and ۴۶.۱% respectively), quantum yield (۱۶.۳ and ۱۱۰% respectively), maximum fluorescence (۳۸.۶ and ۴۱.۴۸% respectively), variable fluorescence (۶۱.۲ and ۱۹۶.۳% respectively) in comparison with no application of stress modulators at the same level from salinity levels. Also, at the highest salinity level, simultaneous treatment of stress modulators increased ۳۴.۲% grain yield in comparison with no application of stress modulators at the same level from salinity levels. Based on the results of this study, simultaneous treatment of stress modifiers (vermicompost, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and foliar spraying of putresin and nanooxydroi) was able to compensate a part of the reduction of barley yield under salinity conditions due to improving fluorescence chlorophyll components and some physiological traits such as chlorophyll indices, quantum yield and stomatal conductivity.

کلیدواژه ها:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ، Chlorophyll index ، Relative water content ، Stomatal conductivity ، Vermicompost ، شاخص سبزینگی برگ ، محتوای نسبی آب ، قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار ، ورمی کمپوست ، هدایت روزنه ای