Toxicity effect of nano and microplastics as plastic waste on humans

Plastics, due to their characteristics such as lightweight, high durability, and flexibility, have become an integral part of modern life. However, the widespread use of plastics has led to significant environmental and health issues, as these materials do not fully degrade in the environment but break down into microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs). These particles have been identified in various ecosystems and human tissues and organs, raising serious concerns about their potential toxic effects. This study, a systematic review, examines the existing research on the impact of MNPs on human health as well as plastic waste management strategies. The findings of this review indicate that MNPs can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular damage, and disruption of biological systems. Although limited studies have been conducted on the effects of these particles on human tissues and organs, evidence suggests that MNPs can accumulate in the body and pose significant health risks. Additionally, plastic waste management methods, such as recycling, incineration with energy recovery, the use of biodegradable plastics, and landfilling, still face challenges, including high costs and limited efficiency. This study emphasizes the need for more comprehensive research on the effects of MNPs on human health and the development of innovative and effective strategies for managing plastic waste. The systematic review presented here provides a foundation for identifying knowledge gaps and offering comprehensive solutions to mitigate the negative effects of this environmental and health crisis.

کلیدواژه ها:

Microplastics ، health effect ، human health ، toxicity