Law, posthumanism and technology: a comparative analysis of the theories of Jürgen Habermas, Francis Fukuyama and Bruno Latour

Background and purpose: With the advancement of new technologies, especially in the fields of biotechnology, artificial intelligence and robotics, the traditional boundaries between humans and technology have been challenged. These developments have not only led to the redefinition of moral and philosophical concepts about humanity, but also have had important consequences for social justice and rights. This article compares the theories of Jürgen Habermas, Francis Fukuyama and Bruno Latour in order to analyze how law confronts the issues of posthumanism and technology. The purpose of this article is to explain the impact of new technologies on individual and social rights and evaluate the diverse views of these three contemporary thinkers.Methodology: Analytical-adaptive method is used in this article. First, Habermas's theories in the field of dialogue ethics and his concerns about the ethical consequences of biotechnology are examined. Then, Fukuyama's views on preserving humanity and the challenges facing human rights in the post-humanist era are analyzed. In the following, Bruno Latour's theory about the relationship between man and technology and how legal systems interact with complex human-non-human networks are examined. The comparative comparison of these views helps to understand the legal and philosophical implications of these issues.Findings: The analysis shows that Habermas, emphasizing the moral aspects and common human values, emphasizes the need to limit biotechnologies, while Fukuyama worries that these technologies will lead to the weakening of human rights and the collapse of global ethics. On the other hand, with a network approach, Latour considers human and technology interactions to be inseparable and believes that rights should be redefined in a way that includes this mutual relationship. These differences indicate legal complexities in the face of posthumanism and emerging technologies.Conclusion: The results of this research show that although Habermas and Fukuyama emphasize on maintaining the boundaries of humanity against new technologies, Latour's perspective offers opportunities to redefine rights and laws in a post-humanist world. According to these views, legal systems must be developed in a way that is able to adapt to the changes caused by new technologies while maintaining human values.

کلیدواژه ها:

post-humanism ، technology ، Jürgen Habermas ، Francis Fukuyama ، Bruno Latour ، ethics