CO2 STORAGE MECHANISMS AND METHODS: A SURVEY STUDY

Nowadays, the accumulation of greenhouse gases (e.g. water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.), which are produced by human activities has become one of the most serious environmental problems. Climate change and man-made global warming as a result of the growth of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations inthe atmosphere is one of the main human concerns about the health and environment. In order to diminish negative impacts of global warming, it isessential to reduce CO2 emission by using effective and feasible methods. One way to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions is through reducingconsumption of fossil fuels; however, such decision may negatively impact the economy. Another option, which may be the more effective action, is to reducethe CO2 concentrations through geological storage. For this purpose CO2 should be captured, transferred and injected in an appropriate geological structure, which can securely store CO2 for a long period of time.In this literature survey study, CO2 storage methods and its trapping mechanisms are discussed in details. After introducing different promising media for storage, the necessity and the opportunities of geological storage of CO2 in Iran are discussed