Urbanization and Climate Change: A Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and STIRPAT Analysis The Case of Turkey.

Urbanization and CO۲ emissions have become major environmental concerns that are colsely related to climate change and sustainable economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship among/between CO۲ emissions, urbanization and achieving sustainable development for Turkey over the period ۱۹۹۰ to ۲۰۲۰. For these goals, we employed to STIRPAT hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The findings indicate that there is a long run relationship among/between variables of the STIRPAT model that the coefficient of GDP and urbanization are affected CO۲ emission positively which means that urbanization and the expansion of economic activity have significant effects on environmental degradation. Those results are also confirmed by the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model. In addition, the N-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is detected for Turkey.