Chronic myeloid leukemia and Klein Filters Syndrome

Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal abnormality of hematopoietic stem cells and the first human malignancy with an acquired genetic disorder known as Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). Symptoms of CML include high levels of white blood cell counts, splenomegaly, weight loss, lethargy and anemia. Recently, imatinib has been introduced as a conventional treatment for CML. Despite high efficacy of imatinib, some of patients show resistance. Here, imatinib dosage can be increased or other drugs may be prescribed. Klein Filters Syndrome is characterized as an endocrine disorder characterized by gynecomastia, hypogonadism, small testis and decreased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. The karyotype of patients is 47, XXY. The clinical features of infertility syndrome are delayed secondary sexual traits, gynecomastia, learning disabilities, decreased gonadotropin levels and low back hair.Description: Klein filter is associated with various hematologic malignancies such as AML, ALL, CML, CLL and lymphoma, however these malignancies are not common among patients. These patients are usually identified by chance during cytogenetic studies of neoplasms.Discussion and conclusion: Some oncogenes, such as those contribute to cell proliferation enhancement in PAR, should be considered in relation to Klein Filters syndrome and hematological disorders. Some studies have also suggested the association between Y chromosome abnormalities in Klein filter and CML and the formation of clones with abnormal chromosome t (9; 22). Healthy men and whom with Klein Filters, some others have reported no difference. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude Cases with acute, chronic leukemia and myelodysplasia concern about the increased susceptibility of chromosomal damage and formation of clones with abnormalities. A number of studies have been evaluated the severity and responsively of treatment to patients with Klein Filters syndrome who develop chronic myeloid leukemia. Considering the contradictory results regarding the association between Klein Filters syndrome and chronic myeloid leukemia, further studies are needed.