شناسایی قارچهای ماکروسکپی حوزه شصت کلا و درازنو از جنگلهای استان گلستان

During this research, some forests of Golestan province were visited in different seasons of year. Such as Shastkala, Derazno and other forests (Vatana, alangdareh, Ghorogh,Daland, .). In every time of sampling, samples Profile appearance were recorded. Then they were transported to laboratory. In the Laboratory there were two methods for fungi samples preservation. In the first methods, hard tissue fungi directly keep in the dry air as title herbarium samples. In the second methods, soft tissue fungi were kept in Formalehyde 7% fixator. Identification of collected fungi was based on their macroscopic properties such as the general situation os sporecarp including of cap colour, shape, type of tissue fungus, the presence or absence of stem, ascocarp shape, type and colour of ascocarp and microscopic characteristics including the shape and size of spores and spore print colour were Closely examined and identified based on valid kayes that are mentioned in the text. Totally, 105 species of forest fungi were identified in mentioned forests. They were mainly related to Basidiumycetes fungi, few Ascomecetes and A very small number myxomycetes. These fungi based on how their effects on forest ecosystems are included the mycorrhizal fungi, wood destroying fungi, affecting of forest site index, pathogen fungi and from view point of using are included Medicinal mushrooms, Edible mushrooms, Poisonous mushrooms, Hallucinogenic mushrooms and finally Industrial mushroom. 1-Agaricus abruptibulbus, 2- Agrocybe cylindrical, 3- Amanita pantherina, 4- A. citrine, 5- A. phalloides, 6- Auricularia auricula, 7- A. mesenterica, 8- Bjerkandera adusta, 9- Bisporella citrine, 10- Bolbitius vitellinus, 11- Bovista plumbea, 12- Calocybe ionides, 13- Cantharellus cibarius, 14- Clavariadelphus pistillaris, 15- Clitocybe phyllophila, 16- Coprinus atramentarius, 17- C. disseminatus, 18- C. niveus, 19- Crepidotus mollis, 20- C. variabilis, 21- Creolophus cirrhatus, 22- Cyathus striatus, 23- Daldinia concentrica, 24- D. vernicosa, 25- Exidia glandulosa, 26- E. truncate, 27- Fistulina hepatica, 28- Fomes fomentarius, 29- Fuligo septica, 30- Galerina unicolor, 31- Ganoderma applanatum, 32- G. lucidum, 33- Geastrum fimbriatum, 34- Gloeophyllum sepiarium, 35- Gymnopilus spectabilis, 36- Gymnopus dryophila, 37- Hemimycena candida, 38- Helvella acetabulum, 39- H. crispa, 40- H. elastica, 41- H. ephippium, 42- Hydnum repandum, 43- Hypholoma fasciculare, 44- H. marginatum, 45- Hypoxylon nummularium, 46- Inocybe asterospora, 47- Inonotus radiatus, 48- Irpex lacteus, 49 Laccaria amethystea, 50- L. laccata, 51- Lactarius deliciosus, 52- L. rubrocinctus, 53- Laetiporus sulphureus, 54- Lenzites betulina, 55- Leotia lubrica, 56- Lepiota cristata, 57- Lycogula epidendrum, 58- L. errestre, 59- Lycoperdon perlatum, 60- L. pyriforme, 61- Macrolepiota procera ,62- Marasmiellus ramealis, 63- Marasmius alliaceus, 64- M. epiphyllus, 65- M. rotula, 66- Meripilus giganteus, 67- Micromphale foetidum, 68- Mycena pelianthina, 69- M. crocata, 70- M. inclinata, 71- Omphalotus olearius, 72- Oudemansiella radicata, 73- Panellus stipticus, 74- Panaeolus subbalteatus, 75- Paxillus involutus, 76- Peziza micropus, 77- P. badia, 78- Phallus impudicus, 79- Phellinus tuberculosus, 80- p. igniarius, 81- Pholiota squarrosa, 82- Ph. aurivella, 83- Pluteus aurantiorugosus, 84- P. cervinus, 85- P. luteovirens, 86- Polyporus badius, 87- P. squamosus, 88- Psathyrella condolleana, 89- Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, 90- Russula rosea, 91- Sarcoscypha austriaca, 92- Schizophyllum commune, 93- Scleroderma citrinum, 94- S. verucosum, 95- Scutellinia scutellata, 96- Stereum hirsutum, 97- S. subtomentosum, 98- Trametes hirsuta, 99- T. gibbosa , 100- T. versicolor, 101- Tremella mesenterica, 102- Trichaptum biforme, 103- Ustulina deusta, 104- Xylaria hypoxylon, 105- X. polymorpha In this study, in addition to collecting and identifying of fungi species attempted comparison of species diversity of mushrooms in two areas of virgin forest (Shastkla) and non-virgin forest (Derazno). The results of this study showed that Because of the presence of people and tourists in Derazno forest and construction of forest resorts and a sandy-soil road that Connected to the Gorgan city from this side of forest to the countryside in the other side forest and Heavy truck traffic on that road, Cause the dust on the foliage of trees and obstruction of the openings of the leaves and Reduced environment humidity and Block sunlight to reach the green organs and finally prevent to photosynthesis Cause reduction of forest site index and reduction of fungal Species diversity. But shastkala forest due to more care has the better vegetation and higher relative humidity and finally more fungal Species diversity.

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