بررسی اصلاح گندم دیم به منظور افزایش عملکرد دانه و مقاومت به تنش ها در مناطق سردسیر کشور

Wheat is the major crop in Iran and grown over 6.4 million hectares annually. The total area covered by wheat in dryland is about 3.8 to 4.2 million hectares. More than 60% wheat cultivation is under highlands with cold and mild cold winters. Drought stress is one of the most important threatening factors for the production of crop in the arid and semi-arid regions of the country. Studies to identify the important traits affecting drought and cold tolerance on grain yield stability are a very important aspect in wheat breeding programs in DARI. Average of grain yield in the rainfed areas was low, due to drought, excessive cold in mountains, high temperature during late spring, diseases and insect pests. Present project have been conducted in research stationes based in this region to develop high yielding bread wheat genotypes with drought, cold and high temperature tolerance, and also with high kernel weight, earlineness and resistance to disease and pests. In this project, conventional plant program and experiments on local and introduced genotypes were conducted in three rainfed stations, i.e. Maragheh, Qamlo, Ardebil, Zanjan, Shirvan, Urumieeh and Sararood Research Stations. During this project in field experiments, important agronomic traits related to drought, cold tolerance and important wheat disease were studied. Significant out puts of this project are identification of 3 released cultivaes such as Rasad, Homa and Ohadi, also 5 bread wheat superior genotypes namely, Unknown-11, Sabalan/84.40023//Seafallah IRW2000-1047-0MA-0MA-0SN-0SN-2SN, F10S- 1//ATAY/GALVEZ87 Maning/Sdv1//Dogu88and PATO/CAL/3/7C//Bb/CNO/5/CAL// CNO/ Sn64/4/ CNO//Bad/DAR/3/KL/6/Sabalan, also 3 winter and facultative durum wheat genotypes namely G1252, Pg"s"//Chap/21563/Altindane/3/Binama andKnd 1149 //68111/Ward/3/Df17-72 and 2 Triticale lines (GAUR_2/HARE_3//JLO 97/CIVET/5/DIS B5/3/SPHD/ and DAHBI/3/FAHAD_8-2*2//PTR/PND-T/7/LIRON_2/5/...). Moreover, at the last year of this project , 55 genotypes for uniform regional yield trials ( Elite yield trials), 100 genotypes for Advanced yield trials, 250 genotypes for Perliminary yield trials and also 1468 segrigationg populations of F2 to F6 were obtained for next duration of breeding program. The elite genotypes were eveluated for their physio-morphological traits and accordingly superior genotypes regarding these traits were identified and selected for cross breeding program.

کلیدواژه ها:

گندم ها ، ژنوتیپ ها ، دورگ گیری ، عملکرد زراعی ، سازش پذیری ، پایداری