Investigation and Analysis of Nano Supercapacitors Based on Three-Dimensional Graphene ۳DGNs (Classification and Structure)

Note: Graphene is one of the most widely used carbon materials in the electrode of nano supercapacitors.   Theoretically, graphene has the highest electrochemical capacity of two layers of about    21.7% and 0.93%.

The main problem is  to reduce the capacity of the nano supercapacitor compared to  the adhesion of the graphene sheets to each other and subsequently reducing the surface area and  the permeability of the electrolyte ions into the electrode  . Ideal is used as a supercapacitor material.  The unique properties and highly porous structure of 3DGNs, or the 3D structure of graphene, not only provide  a high available surface area, electrolyte penetration and create pathways for  electron transfer, but also provide an excellent scaffold for the placement of active materials  . 3D GNs with extremely high surface area, high specific capacity, excellent mechanical properties  and high electrical conductivity provide a unique application in nano supercapacitor materials  with charge-discharge capability and long life.

One of the ways to optimize the properties of energy storage systems  is to develop new materials for use as electrode materials in nano supercapacitors.  Carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, carbon nanofibers, etc.,  play an important role in nano supercapacitors  due to their good electrical conductivity, cheapness, availability, biocompatibility and  stability of good electronic conductivity, which is one of the newest of these Carbon structures are three-dimensional graphene, which facilitates the penetration of electrolyte  due to  its unique three-dimensional structure and has a large surface area and high electrical conductivity.

Graphene nano-supercapacitors are very similar to capacitors in terms of structure and mechanism, with the difference that the surface area of ​​nano-electrodes is greater due to the many pores in graphene nano-supercapacitors, which leads to an increase in the energy storage capacity of nano-supercapacitors. compared to ordinary capacitors. The energy density of graphene nano supercapacitors is much higher than ordinary dielectric capacitors. In this type of nano supercapacitors, carbon compounds with high porosity such as carbon   , carbon nanotubes, activated graphite  and nanometer carbons, carbon nanofibers  are used. For reasons such as; Availability, relatively low price,  non-toxicity, high stability and high electrical conductivity and thermal stability  have found widespread use in supercapacitors. The mechanism of storing electrical charges in  this type of nano supercapacitors  is the formation of a nano electric double layer.

Conclusion:

Graphene is one of the most widely used carbon materials in the electrode  of graphene nano-supercapacitors, due to the adhesion of graphene sheets to each other and subsequently the reduction  of the surface area and the permeability of the electrolyte ions into the electrode,  it faces a reduction in the conduction and electronic storage capacity, which is used to solve this challenge. Recently, three-dimensional graphene network  (3DGNs) with interwoven structure has been investigated as an ideal material as a nano-supercapacitor material. The unique properties  and highly porous structure of 3DGNs, not only by providing a high  available surface area, electrolyte permeability and creating pathways for electron transport,  help to increase the energy density and energy storage capacity, but also provide an  excellent scaffold for the placement of active materials. has provided Among  these active materials, we can mention graphene nanotubes and carbon nanotubes. Since  the internal resistance of the graphene nano-supercapacitor material should be as low as possible,  the use of carbon nanotubes leads to an increase in the conductivity of the nano-supercapacitor material,  and as a separator of three-dimensional graphene sheets, it leads to an increase in  the specific active surface. And increasing the energy storage capacity in the graphene nano supercapacitor.