(Project Emerald : A dirty bomb,is a source (Polonium-۲۱۰

(Project Emerald : A dirty bomb,is a source (Polonium-210

Polonium-210 (formerly known as radium-f) is an isotope of polonium. It undergoes alpha decay to the stable nuclide 206Pb with a half-life of 138.376 days (about 41⁄2 months). Polonium-210 has the longest half-life of the naturally occurring isotopes of polonium.

According to reports related to the threats posed by Radiological Dispersal Devices, the type of radioactive material used plays a significant role in the level of risk. Some radioactive elements that could theoretically be used in such weapons include polonium-210.Ultimately, a dirty bomb is more dangerous because of its ability to cause contamination, public fear, and widespread disruption in an area than because of its explosive power. For this reason, the possibility of its use has always been a security concern in areas of military tension.

Polonium-210 occurs naturally in soil at very low concentrations that are not harmful to humans or animals. Because it is a product of the decay of radon gas and also the production of phosphorus, it can be released into the atmosphere in very small amounts. Although its uptake by plants is usually low, Po-210 can be deposited on broadleaf plants. Po-210

Po-210 in groundwater comes from the radioactive decay of U-238 and radon present in the geological structure surrounding groundwater aquifers.

Po-210 emits alpha particles that carry large amounts of energy that can damage or destroy genetic material in cells inside the body. Po-210 only poses a radiation hazard if it enters the body through breathing or eating or through a wound. Breathing or eating large amounts in a relatively short period of time can cause radiation exposure to internal organs. This can lead to serious medical symptoms or death. Much of the Po-210 is excreted in the feces, although residual amounts that enter the bloodstream can accumulate in organs such as the spleen, kidneys, and liver.

Po-210 is not dangerous to the outside of the body - neither polonium nor its radiation passes through healthy skin or membranes. Careful washing will remove most external traces of Po-210.Prolonged exposure to moderate levels carries a long-term risk of cancer. Exposure to Po-210 through inhalation can increase the risk of lung cancer.

The main difference between a nuclear bomb and a dirty bomb is the type of damage they cause. In a nuclear explosion, much of the damage is caused at the moment of the explosion, due to the shock wave, heat, and intense radiation; but in a dirty bomb, the main concern is the release of radioactive materials and the remaining contamination in the environment.