The Winter War and the Mannerheim Treaty - the law of international conflicts

The Winter War and the Mannerheim Treaty - the law of international conflicts, researcher and author: 

 Dr.M.Shalibi Nejad

Original content ⬇️
After the defeat of the Russian Empire in the First World War and the rise of the communists in this country, in December 1917, the independence of Finland was declared by its senate. Until the end of the same month, Vladimir Lenin's government in Soviet Russia, which was engaged in a civil war and was unable to dominate this region, also recognized the independence of Finland in the hope of its voluntary return to the control of the Russians. Immediately after the independence, an armed conflict between supporters of communism, known as the Red group, with the help of the Russian forces present in this country and its opponents, known as the Whites, took place, which was called the Finnish Civil War. This war finally ended with the intervention of the Germans and the defeat of the communists. The nationalists of the Flemish nation always had the dream of unifying the lands of Finland from the neighboring lands. After independence, this movement gained political support and acceptance. However, foreign powers, including Germany and Great Britain, protested and opposed the expansionist plans of Finnish nationalists to conquer Karelia in order to maintain peace in the region and prevent this country from gaining power. In any case, the Finnish volunteer forces attacked Karelia three times in the spring of 1918, but in the end they did not achieve any results. Despite the desire of some to continue such attacks, Finland and Soviet Russia finally determined the border between the two countries on October 14, 1920 by signing the Treaty of Tartu. Increasing tensions in Europe, Finland felt more and more threatened. Finland tied its last hope of avoiding war to the creation of a union between the Scandinavian countries, especially receiving help from Sweden. In any case, these hopes were dashed when Sweden announced in the fall of 1939 under the pressure of the Soviet Union and Germany that it would not involve its military forces in the future conflicts of other countries. In the meantime, some people in Finland still hoped for the previous international agreements, especially the non-aggression pact that was signed with the Soviet Union in 1934. Marshal Karl Mannerheim, the commander-in-chief of the Finnish defense forces, referring to his country's inability to defend these islands, Offered support. In any case, the Finnish government opposed it, emphasizing the preservation of the country's independence and integrity.
Achievement⬇️
Finally, the Red Army was able to capture the eastern and northern parts of Finland with extremely high casualties and signed a peace treaty with this country on March 12, 1940, ending the Winter War. As a result of this treaty, the regions of Karelia, Sala and Rebachi were handed over from Finland to the Soviet Union. The winter war was for Stalin because Germany learned about the weaknesses of the Red Army, including its reckless command and the low morale of the Soviet soldiers, and when it attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, it took full advantage of this information.
Reference of Sources ⬇️
1️⃣Leskinen, Jari; Juutilainen, Antti, eds. (2005). Jatkosodan pikkujättiläinen (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. p. 1276. ISBN 951-0-28690-7
2️⃣Ries, Tomas (1988). Cold Will: The Defense of Finland (1st ed.). London: Brassey's Defence Publishers. ISBN 0-08-033592-6
3️⃣Trotter, William R. (2002) [1991]. The Winter war: The Russo–Finnish War of 1939–40 (5th ed.). New York (United Kingdom: London): Workman Publishing Company (United Kingdom: Aurum Press). ISBN 1-85410-881-6
4️⃣https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/39979677.pdf
5️⃣https://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9348
6️⃣https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1177828.pdf
7️⃣https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/Petsamo-Kirkenes-Operation.pdf
8️⃣https://www.finlandatwar.com/what-were-the-red-army-losses-during-the-winter-war