LIKING AND WANTING : THE INCENTIVE-SENSITIZATION THEORY IN ADDICTION

Background and Aim : The addiction theory of incentive-sensitization suggests sensitization occurs in neural structures attributing incentive salience to drugs and drug-associated indications. Drug wanting sensitizes, although the liking of drugs is typically tolerant. Alternatively, addiction was defined as a spiraling cycle of hedonic dysregulation driven by many variables but with a significant role attributed to adverse affective conditions that happen during drug abstinence periods. The brain circuitry that mediates the psychological process of wanting a specific reward is dissociable from the circuitry that mediates the degree to which it is enjoyed. Large and robust neural systems that include mesolimbic dopamine generate incentive salience or wanting, a type of motivation. By contrast, liking or the real pleasurable effect of reward consumption is mediated by lower and fragile neural structures and is not dopamine-dependent. The theory of incentive-sensitization posits the essence of drug addiction as a specific excessive amplification of psychological wanting, especially triggered by indications, without necessarily amplifying liking. This is due to long-term modifications in sensitive individuals dopamine-related motivation mechanisms, called neural sensitization. Methods : Berridge and Robinson (2016) developed liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Results : According to this theory, mesolimbic circuits are hyperactive to drug indications that can trigger a powerful cue-triggered want to take drugs, leading to relapse. However, the psychological process of motivationally wanting a reward has separate brain processes from hedonically liking the same reward, and dopamine-related hyperreactivity sensitization specifically encourages excessive wanting. Conclusion : In this review, we are going to describe liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction.

کلیدواژه ها:

Liking and Wanting ، Addiction ، Incentive-Sensitization Theory ، Dopaminergic system