The Effects of Pollutants on the Ecology of the Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is a sea of opportunities and challenges, and its role in shaping the ecological image of the surrounding land has been of great interest in recent decades. Understanding the pollutants that affect the marine environment is essential and the first step in improving and rebuilding this valuable ecosystem. Currently, current water is flooded into Caspian Sea in 130 rivers, and contaminated water is the largest source of pollution in the Caspian Sea. The excessive removal of sand and pollution caused by domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters are considered to be two important factors in the destruction of the rivers in the Caspian Sea basin. The presence of different types of pollutants is one of the other threats of the Caspian Sea. It has been shown that the decrease in the population of plankton and geo-plankton, the feeding of fish larvae and the sharp decrease in fish populations, especially sturgeon, disturbances in the food chain, and the degradation of the ecosystem of the Caspian Sea . Annually, 122,000 and 350 tons of oil pollution, 304 tons of cadmium and 34 tons of tons of oil enter the Caspian Sea.The most polluted oil is from the northern neighbors of this sea, which drifts towards Iran due to the Caspian slope. Management of the use of pesticides and the use of biologic methods and integrated management of pests, weeds and diseases is an important step towards achieving sustainable agriculture, and consequently a sharp reduction of environmental pollutants, especially waste water from agricultural fields.At the same time, the implementation of a unitary management to protect the rivers and reforming the law on dealing with caviar smugglers is one of the solutions to the problems of this section. Also, in the framework of the cooperation and annual meetings of the five Caspian Sea states, agreements are concluded on the principle exploitation of sea resources (both land and sea levels) and protocols for monitoring and evaluating members compliance.

کلیدواژه ها:

Pollutants ، Ecological Balance ، Caspian Sea