Feasibility of corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for direct analysis of malathion extracted by switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction

Nowadays, developing new methods for analysis of Organophosphorus pesticides as the major classes of the pesticides, which are widely used in agricultural lands due to their low price and board biological activities, has fascinated great interest. According to the importance of this issue, the capability of corona discharge ionization ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS) for direct detection and quantification of the malathion extracted by switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction (SHS-HLLME) was investigated and evaluated in apple juice for the first time. The substantial factors of SHS-HLLME are optimized. These factors are classified as volume of acceptor solution, sulfuric acid and base, percentage of salt. The introduced technique exhibited good linearity with coefficient of R2 =0.983 and the acceptable linear range of 5.0-1000.0 ng/mL. Accordingly, the limit of detection (S/N = 3) for all the analyte was 1.5 ng/mL. The corresponding repeatability was 8.7% (n = 3). The high enrichment factor was obtained 195. Our developed SHS-HLLME/CD-IMS technique have some advantages such as, high-efficient extraction, using a small volume of organic solvent, reducing the cost and analyzing time of method compared previous works by using the CD-IMS which presents an economic, fast, and sensitive instrument for pesticides analysis