Investigating the Neuroprotective Effect of Oxytocin on Traumatic Brain Injury in Animal Models

Despite all improvements in management and brain stroke care, traumatic injuries are still a major cause of mortality and illness. epidemiology and rate of traumatic brain injuries is significantly higher in men compared with women which shows that this differencemight be as a result of sex hormones or estrogen precisely. estrogen regulates synthesis of oxytocin in many organs of body including brain. Estrogen is a normal stress factor which responds to many acute and chronic stimulus and regulates important physiological and biological activities in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system such as facilitating childbirth. Interleukin β1 and interleukin β6 and interferon τ and oxytocin regulate synthesis of estrogen receptors. Oxytocin protects tissue from inflammation caused by ischemia or oxidative stress and is compered with GABA signaling (which is a inhibitory neurotransmitter). hyperpolarization of membrane potential caused by GABA type A receptors is related to integral anion channel and therefore infiltration of chloride ions in the direction of electrochemical gradient. Proper balance of transferring inhibitory and stimulatory neurotransmitters help neural network to maintain the normal function of brain but imbalance between them after an ischemic shock results to oversecretion of stimulatory moleculesand inhibition of GABA system and down-regulation of GABA type A receptors in plasmic membrane. recent information confirms that oxytocin can also have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. Oxytocin can reduce tissue damage in many types of animal injuries.in addition, using a oxytocin receptor antagonist simultaneously can stop antiischaemic effects of oxytocin in heart ischemia in rats. Protective actions of oxytocin can a company with decrease of pro-inflammatory circulating cytokines and filtration of neutrophils inharmed position. These studies provide evidence that oxytocin in regulates GABA type A receptors in their protective effects on traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: however the molecular mechanisms of these protective effects and interactions between oxytocin receptors andGABA type A receptors are still unknown and it has a bigger future than it is right now.