Movement Disorders with Neuronal Autoantibodies

An increasing number of autoantibody-associated neurological disorders are recognized in the recent years which abnormal movements constitute a part or dominate their clinical picture. In comparison to the classic movement disorders that have a neurodegenerativepathologic basis, movement disorders associated with autoantibodies (AAMDs) are more important to be diagnosed correctly since they are generally responsive to immunotherapeutic measures. AAMDs can present with various syndromes in the abnormal movementsspectrum including parkinsonism, dystonia, myoclonus, chorea, ataxia, tremor, and sleep behavior disorders, among others. These disorders could be classified based on their clinical presentations or based on the type of structures that serve as target for autoantibodies.Targets are located either on the cell surface or intracellularly, in synaptic cytoplasm, cytosol, or the nucleus. Proper testing of the disease markers will allow timely diagnosis and treatment which include various immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory as well asa number of symptomatic treatment approaches