The Impact of German Werkbund on Modernization in Iran

Industrial transformation in Germany pointed Werkbund, which was formed in 1907 by the group of artists, industrialists, politics, and architects in Munich, caused Bauhaus to come into existence resulting Germany to be one of the most influential countries to export the modernization to the whole world. The main aim of this paper is studying how German Werkbund as one of the biggest penetrations rooted on the evolvement of specialized schools and modernization of architecture that have accrued at the beginning of the 20th century in Iran. In this regard, this paper begins with reading and analyzing international documents and theories related to the Werkbund. Based on the research, the qualitative research methodology is chosen and with applying logical reasoning strategy as well as content analysis and logical inference . Moreover, reading and evidential observation based on books, papers, and authentic documents are used as research tools. Regarding methodology, the transition to new manufacturing processes had started in Europe and the US since 1760. However, the Arts and Crafts movement emanated from the attempt to reform design in the mid-nineteenth century . Near to the end of the Qajar dynasty, not only was Iran s relationship with Europe greatly expanded but also with the rise of Iran s constitutional parliament, in 1906 and the fall of Qajar in 1925, as well as commencement of Reza Shah Pahlavi s reign, modern structures began to replace. This paper seeks to explore and develop the Werkbund s formation in Germany and its footprints on the occurrence of specialized schools and modern architecture in Iran

کلیدواژه ها:

Bauhaus ، Education ، Germany ، Iran ، Modernization ، Werkbund