prenatal exposure to hyperemesis gravidarum and risk of autism disorder

Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. HG can last much longer than normal morning sickness which be settle down 12-14 weeks of pregnancy, HG may last 21 weeks or even more. HG refers to persistent and severe vomiting leading to fluid and electrolyte disturbance and it can cause weight loss (over 10% of body weight), nutritional deficiencies (vitamin B6), dehydration, ketosis due to starvation. In severe cases treatment should be considered (intravenous therapy, thiamine, promethazine, ondansetron). Without treatment hyperemesis gravidarum may lead to central nervous system complication, liver failure and acute gravidarum and autism spectrum disorders in childhood.Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges. Children with ASD often have a neurodevelopmental delay and problem with social, emotional and communication skills .they may also have different ways of learning and behaving. Diagnosis of ASD is based on symptoms such as: Avoid eye contact and want to be alone /Not to point at objects to show interest / Have unusual reactions / Have trouble relating to others Methods:This systematic review is based on more than 15 articles and new journals from pubmed , science direct , news medical journals and Center for Disease Control (CDC). This article evaluated the relation between prenatal exposure to hyperemesis gravidarum and its effects on autism spectrum disorder in childhood by trials that conducted on women with hyperemesis gravidarum and children that exposed in utero hyperemesis gravidarum and incidence of autism disorder.Results:Neurodevelopmental delay in children were exposed to HG were compared to unexposed child. Children exposed in utero to HG have developmental diagnosis including attention and learning disorders .Although less than 10% of mothers who suffered from a prolonged hyperemesis gravidarum reported a child with autism spectrum disorder , but none of mothers who did not experience HG reported a child with ASD.Conclusion:Women with HG are at a significant increased risk of having a child with neurodevelopmental delay and autism spectrum disorders .A highly significant increase in neurobehavioral disorder leadings to ASD in children exposed to HG in utero was shown which suggest that HG may be linked to life-long effects on exposed fetus. This relation is due to of maternal stress and vitamin deficiency; therefore treatment in severe cases should be considered and it can reduce risk of neurodevelopmental delay effect on children.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hyperemesis gravidarum ، autism spectrum disorder ، prenatal exposure ، neurodevelopmental delay