REVIEW On UNDER SENSOR NETWORK APPLICATIONS FOR PORT AND HARBOR SECURITY

Nowadays, there are many methods for protecting offshore platforms and ports. Underwater sensor network is the newest way which is recently occupied in developedcountries for port security. Sensors are utilized to determine various parameters in terrestrial, air and marine environments. Underwater sensor applications are still rarely used and comparatively expensive which express the request for long range communication and improve sensors power usage. Such applications are working on marine environmental in-situmonitoring issue, port and harbor security, surveillance, tsunami early detection and autonomous underwater vehicle navigation [1]. Recent improvements in technologies have made the possibilities to investigate underwater by sensors at all levels. Consequently, underwater sensor network (UWSN) is rising as an enabling technology for underwaterinvestigations. UWSN is a combination of wireless technology with small micromechanical sensor technology having smart sensing, intelligent computing, andcommunication abilities. UWSN is a network of sensor nodes [2] which are distributed underwater to sense the water-related features like quality, temperature, andpressure. The sensed data can be occupied using different applications. The stationary or mobile sensor nodes are connected wirelessly by communication modules toconvey many different events of interest [3]. Underwater communication is mainly done with a set of nodes transmitting their data to buoyant gateway nodes that relaythe data to nearest coastal monitoring and control station also called remote station [4]. In UWSN acoustic transceivers are utilized for communication. The acousticwaves are low frequency waves which give small bandwidth but have long wavelengths. So, acoustic waves can travel long distances and are occupied for relayinginformation over kilometers [5]. UWSNs are used for a wide range of applications like monitoring the marine environment for scientific exploration to commercial exploitation and coastline rotection to underwater pollution monitoring, from waterbased disaster preventions to water-based sports facilitation. UWSN presents a promising solution to everdemanding applications. In this paper, we investigate underwater acoustic sensor network for protecting offshore platforms and port security. This new method enhancessecurity and protection. First, we introduce underwateracoustic network and we familiar with these kinds of networks and their benefits and disadvantageous. In thenext section underwater sensor network architecture is described. Then some applications of UWSNs are investigated and also major technical aspects of a properUWSN for domestic application will be explored at the end. These networks can be used for protection of port and harbor because these networks assist us to gather moreinformation from underwater environment.