PLANT-BASED DIETARY PATTERN IN RELATION TO GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

Background and Aim: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) which has adverse effects on mothers and their offspring, is increasing, worldwide. Among different factors, diet has a key role in the incidence of GDM. We aimed to examine the association of adherence to plant-based dietary patterns with the risk of GDMMethods: We enrolled 460 pregnant women in this case-control study, of them 200 were cases and 260 were controls. Dietary intake of participants evaluated using three 24-h dietary records. Adherence to the plant-based dietary patterns was scored using three indices of the overall plant-based dietary index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). The risk of GDM was compared across tertiles of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI.Results: After multivariable adjustment, we demonstrated that high PDI score has negative association with risk of GDM (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28-0.78, p = 0.004), but there was not a significant association between hPDI and GDM (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.64-1.65, p = 0.884). In contrast, uPDI could marginally increase GDM risk (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.98-2.78, p = 0.06).Conclusion: The present study supposed an inverse association between adherence to an overall plant-based diet and GDM risk. Moreover, consumption of an unhealthy plant-based diet was associated with higher risk of GDM. However, we could not find a significant association between hPDI and odds of GDM. Further studies, in particular, clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

کلیدواژه ها:

Gestational diabetes mellitus ، pregnant women ، Plant-based diet index ، Healthy plant-based diet index ، Unhealthy plant-based diet index