Umbilical cord stem cells and therapeutic applications

Background and Objective: Stem cells (SCs) are unspecialized cells with ability of dividing, self-renewing and potential to develop into different types of cells, includes of embryonic, somatic and induce pluripotent SC. Somatic SCs have many types such as bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue and umbilical cord (UC) SC. In this study, collected data all of the review papers with UCSCs key words since 2015. The UC blood contains hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic SCs, includes endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). UC is suitable for MSCs isolation methods because it is a uniform source with high numbers, so the MSCs have been appraised at length by many researchers. UCMSCs can differentiate into neuronal cells, hepatocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts and cardiac tissue. They are more primitive than BMMSCs. MSCs have high proliferative capacity and their superior harvest and multiplication makes them better candidates towards contemporary adult SCs.Materials and Methods: UC blood can be collected and stored in a cord blood bank that use for future. UC blood transplantation is now a standard treatment for both children and adults who don’t have matched sibling or related donors.Findings: Cord blood SCs are currently used to treat a range of blood disorders such as β thalassemia, aplastic anemia, leukemia; either immune system conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies. The main advantages of using UC Blood-derived SCs for transplantation is the ready availability, ease of procurement process, safety, pain free to the donors, long-term preservation, non-tumorigenic, low risk of viral contamination; have higher proliferative ability, lower immunogenicity and incidences of graft-versus-host after transplantation when compared to BMSCs. at least UC SCs are immunologically more naive and need less HLA matching requirement.The existence of pluripotent cells in UC blood was also observed as an unrestricted somatic SC with capability of differentiation into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes, hematopoietic and neural cells.Conclusions: According to the advantages of UC SCs that we mentioned, UC SCs are better selection for transplantation and treat variant injuries and diseases.

کلیدواژه ها:

stem cell ، umbilical cord ، cord blood stem cell ، hematopoietic stem cell ، mesenchymal stem cell ، transplantation