Ligand macromolecule interaction

The interaction of ligands to macromolecules is a key element in all biological processes.Ligand interactions are important for molecular recognition, protein engineering, drug design,cellular regulating systems, cell signaling, drug formulation and discovery of novel ligands.Ligands can be small molecules such as metabolites, ions such as Fe (II) or large moleculessuch as nucleic acid and other protein partners. Some of my recent researches in this subjectare as below: