Study of hematologic malignancy vaccines

Hematologic malignancy (HM) as a malignancy developed by the immune system is detected in microenvironment and resulted in the proliferation and survival of the malignant cells. These cells are detected by T-cells that are the potential targets of effector cells. Vaccination stimulates the expanding active tumor helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes and is associated with recurrence prevention in a subset of patients with MM and AML. The immune responses to vaccines are often not durable and don’t overcome sufficiently many suppressing immune system factors in the tumor microenvironment. In the study, the cellular and non-cellular vaccines for the treatment of HM with changing the clinical effect have been assessed. The current study was conducted by searching PubMed database with key words include hematologic malignancy and vaccine disorders. Ideal targeted tumor Ags should be expressed continuously in every cells of the tumor population, so that; 1- Disease remains, despite of clonal evolution, 2- It can be necessary for living and function of tumor cell in worst conditions, 3- It can be absent in normal tissue and 4- It can be included several resistant non-immunogenic epitopes. AML cells are well-matched with high expression of MUC-1, not with low levels of it. In addition, WT-1 as a target for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, is used with high specificity for CML progenitor cells. Researchers have discovered that the combination of T cell and vaccine procedures with ligand-covered CD3/CD28, leads to extent of tumor-specified lymphocytes. In MM, the expression of testicular cancer antigen, NY-ESO, is increased against primary disease. A series of clinical trials showed that vaccination is related to stimulating the anti-idio type cellular and humoral immune responses. With better understanding of the immunosuppressive environment and immune biology of HM, rational combined therapies with vaccine therapy can be designed for stimulating the innate immune responses which have high potential to change the pattern of treatment category of HM. More effective strategies have been invented to eliminate the tumor heterogeneity through polyclonal responses which performed by targeting several antigens and increasing antigen presentation by professional APC and immune regulation treatments.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hematologic malignancy ، Vaccination ، Immune system